Constitution and Democracy
Constitution and Democracy: Pakistan has a history of military rulers overriding the Constitution. For example, General Ziaul Haq once said the Constitution was just a piece of paper he could tear. His words showed the arrogance of power and disregard for the 1973 Constitution. After his death in 1988, the Constitution returned with some changes.
Amendments Destroy Balance
General Pervez Musharraf suspended the Constitution twice, in 1999 and 2007. However, the second suspension had no legal approval. He stayed in power for a few months before the Constitution was restored. Even so, these military rulers did not damage the Constitution as much as the current parliament has.
The 26th Amendment weakened the balance of power. Then, the 27th Amendment destroyed much of the Constitution. Lawmakers rushed the vote. In addition, many voted without reading the text. Party leaders controlled the process. Moreover, some lawmakers had supported similar changes under past military rule.
Opposition Overpowered
The opposition could not stop the amendment. Many of its members were disqualified or boycotted the vote. As a result, the amendment removed judicial independence and weakened civilian control. The army chief gained unprecedented powers. Specifically, he now has lifetime immunity for his actions. His term is extended to five years with possible renewal. Similarly, other top officers and the president also received immunity.
Democracy Fragile
During debates, ministers praised Zulfikar Ali Bhutto for the 1973 Constitution. Then, they claimed the amendment strengthened democracy. Many lawmakers did not know the amendment’s details. Furthermore, ministers and leaders were left out of the loop. The government rushed the process secretly. Consequently, this shows how fragile Pakistan’s democracy has become.
PPP Betrayal
The PPP also played a role in weakening the Constitution, despite claiming to protect it. Meanwhile, Bilawal Bhutto-Zardari defended parts of the amendment as following the 2006 Charter of Democracy. However, the amendment contradicts the charter. It gives more power to the military and reduces civilian control. Ultimately, history will judge the current leadership harshly.
The Supreme Court now faces a test. It must protect the Constitution and the remaining judicial independence. Additionally, the amendment threatens national unity. Overall, it undermines democracy and the federal system.
Published in Dawn, 12th November 2025
